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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nomadic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Nomadic civilization: historical research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nomadic civilization: historical research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3377</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Калмыцкий государственный университет им. Б.Б. Городовикова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53315/2782-3377-2026-6-3-90-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nomadic-198</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ И ИСТОРИЯ КУЛЬТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY AND HISTORY OF CULTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Традиционные термины билік, күш, киелендіру в тюрко-монгольских источниках: власть, сила, священность</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The traditional termins authority, power, legitimation in Turkic-Mongolian sources: power, strength, sacredness</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арыстанова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arystanova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арыстанова Гулханыс Мекенбаевна, Ph.D, старший преподавательТуркестан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulkhanys M. Arystanova, Ph.D., Senior LecturerTurkestan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arystanova.gulkhanys@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Алпысбес М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alpysbes</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алпысбес Махсат Алпысбесович, доктор исторических наук, проф.Астана</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makhsat A. Alpysbes, Doctor of Historical Sciences, ProfessorAstana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alpysbes@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омакаева</surname><given-names>Э. У.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омакаева Эллара Уляевна, кандидат филологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник Лаборатории комплексных буддологических исследованийЭлистаE-mail: elomakaeva@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elomakaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет имени Ходжи Ахмет Ясави, Факультет искусства, медиа и дизайна,&#13;
кафедра изобразительного искусства</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Khoja Akhmet Yasawi University, Faculty of Arts, Media, and Design, Department of Fine Arts</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Евразийский университет имени Л. Гумилева, факультет гуманитарных наук</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>L. Gumilyov Eurasian University, Faculty of Humanities</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калмыцкий государственный университет имени Б. Б. Городовикова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kalmyk State University named after B. B. Gorodovikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Арыстанова Г.М., Андреева А.М., Омакаева Э.У., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Арыстанова Г.М., Андреева А.М., Омакаева Э.У.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arystanova G.M., Alpysbes M.A., Омакаева Э.У.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nomadic-kalmsu.ru/jour/article/view/198">https://www.nomadic-kalmsu.ru/jour/article/view/198</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье исследуется природа традиционных терминов билік, күш, кие в тюрко-монгольских письменных памятниках, связанных с такими понятиями, как власть, сила, священность. Идея благородного происхождения и непререкаемый авторитет лидера в кок-тюркскую эпоху (эпоху «небесных тюрков») и в период возвышения государства Чингисхана имеют определенные черты сходства. Актуальность данной проблематики обусловлена потребностью раскрыть сущностное содержание и внутренние мотивы традиционной культуры, интерпретации цивилизационных особенностей степных тюрко-монгольских народов Центральной Азии. Научный анализ основан на изучении сведений из различных источников по истории тюрко-монгольских народов, а именно —тюркских эпитафий и «Сокровенного сказания». Объект исследования — тексты эпитафических памятников Кок-тюрков и «Сокровенного сказания монголов» как основных исторических первоисточников, повествующих о происхождении каганской власти, политической силе и мощи правителя, его возвышении и интронизации, создании государства Чингисхана.</p><p>Основной предмет исследования — традиционные понятия билік, күш, кие, рассматриваемые как комплексные категории, имеющие отношение к природе политической власти, отражающие ключевые аспекты мировоззрения, а также порядок и принципы узаконения и легитимации, интронизации, поднятие на белой кошме каганов, ханов и степных правителей. По-новому поднимается вопрос о специальной статусной одежде, поясах, церемониальных украшениях (в виде бараньих рогов) и связанных с ними традициях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article explores the nature of the traditional terms “bilik,” “kush,” and “kiye” in Turkic-Mongolian written texts, which are associated with concepts such as power, strength, and sacredness. The idea of noble origin and the unquestioned authority of a leader in the Kok-Turkic era (the era of the “Heavenly Turks”) and during the rise of Genghis Khan’s state share certain similarities. The relevance of this topic stems from the need to uncover the essential content and inner motives of traditional culture and interpret the civilizational characteristics of the steppe Turkic-Mongol peoples of Central Asia. This scholarly analysis is based on a study of information from various sources on the history of the Turkic-Mongol peoples, namely, Turkic epitaphs and the “Secret History.” The object of this study is the texts of the Kök-Türk epitaphs and the “Secret History of the Mongols,” the primary historical sources narrating the origins of the Khaganate, the ruler’s political strength and power, his rise and enthronement, and the creation of Genghis Khan’s state. The primary subject of this study is the traditional concepts of “bilik,” “kush,” and “kiye,” viewed as complex categories related to the nature of political power, reflecting key aspects of the worldview, as well as the order and principles of legitimization, enthronement, and the raising of Khagans, Khans, and steppe rulers on a white felt mat. The issue of special status clothing, belts, ceremonial adornments (in the form of ram’s horns), and associated traditions is raised in a new light.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Билік (власть)</kwd><kwd>күш (сила)</kwd><kwd>киелендіру (священность)</kwd><kwd>традиция</kwd><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>одежда</kwd><kwd>аксессуары</kwd><kwd>тюрки</kwd><kwd>монголы</kwd><kwd>язык</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bilik (power)</kwd><kwd>küsh (strength)</kwd><kwd>kielendiru (sacredness)</kwd><kwd>tradition</kwd><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>state</kwd><kwd>clothing</kwd><kwd>accessories</kwd><kwd>Turkic peoples</kwd><kwd>Mongols</kwd><kwd>language</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алпысбес, М. (1999). Миф в степной историологии. Вестник КарГУ. 2 (14). 4–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alpysbes, M. 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