<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nomadic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Nomadic civilization: historical research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nomadic civilization: historical research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3377</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Калмыцкий государственный университет им. Б.Б. Городовикова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53315/2782-3377-2022-2-1-9-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nomadic-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цивилизация кочевников и фактор сакрального</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Civilization of Nomads and the sacral factor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китинов</surname><given-names>Б. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitinov</surname><given-names>B. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баатр Учаевич Китинов, доктор исторических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baatr U. Kitinov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kitinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт востоковедения РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Китинов Б.У., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Китинов Б.У.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kitinov B.U.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nomadic-kalmsu.ru/jour/article/view/40">https://www.nomadic-kalmsu.ru/jour/article/view/40</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая статья посвящена предварительному обсуждению значения религиозного («сакрального», а именно буддийского) в контексте содержания и проявления того, что именуют «цивилизацией кочевников» («цивилизация кочевых обществ»), при этом известное внимание уделяется историческим обстоятельствам. Представлен анализ понятия «кочевая цивилизация», рассмотрены её признаки. Кроме того, автор делает попытку определить место кочевых империй в цивилизационной истории Евразии. В обществоведческой науке, изучающей жизнь и быт кочевников, все еще формируются дефиниции и вырабатывается общее представление того, что же следует именовать цивилизацией кочевников, каковы могут быть ее разные стадии/ варианты/ этапы, имеются ли принципиальные различия в ее проявлениях и какого уровня, каково соотношение цивилизации и культуры, какова роль религии и др. Автор анализирует ряд изданий, где эти и подобные вопросы получили освещение. История кочевых империй часто рассматривается через религиозный фактор.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to a preliminary discussion of the meaning of the religious (“sacred”, namely Buddhist) in the context of the content and manifestation of what is called the “civilization of nomads” (“civilization of nomadic societies”), while some attention is paid to historical circumstances. The analysis of the concept of “nomadic civilization” is presented, its signs are considered. In addition, the author makes an attempt to determine the place of nomadic empires in the civilizational history of Eurasia. In social science, which studies the life and way of life of nomads, deﬁnitions are still being formed and a general idea is being developed of what should be called a nomad civilization, what its diﬀerent stages / variants / phases may be, whether there are fundamental diﬀerences in its manifestations and at what level, what is the ratio of civilization and cultures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>номадная цивилизация</kwd><kwd>сакральное</kwd><kwd>религиозный фактор</kwd><kwd>калмыки</kwd><kwd>буддизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nomadic civilization</kwd><kwd>sacred</kwd><kwd>religious factor</kwd><kwd>ralmyks</kwd><kwd>buddhism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авляев, Г. О. (1994). Происхождение калмыцкого народа (середина IX–I четверть XVIII вв.). Москва; Элиста.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avlyaev, G. O. (1994). The origin of the Kalmyk people (mid-IX-I quarter of the XVIII centuries). Moscow; Elista (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батай, Жорж (2006). Проклятая часть. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagby, P. (1959). Culture and History. Prolegomena to the Comparative Study of Civilizations. Univ. of California Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бродель, Ф. (1992). Время мира. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bataille, Georges (2006). The cursed part. Moscow.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурдье, П. (1993). Социальное пространство и символическая власть. Теория и история экономических и социальных институтов и систем, 1, 2. Москва, 137–150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourdieu, P. (1993). Social space and symbolic power. Theory and History of Economic and Social Institutions and Systems, 1, 2. Moscow, 137–150 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буровский, А.М. (1995). Степная скотоводческая цивилизация: критерии описания, анализа и сопоставления. Цивилизации. 3. Москва, 151–164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braudel, F. (1992). Time of peace. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вайнштейн, С. И. (1991). Мир кочевников Центральной Азии. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burovsky, A.M. (1995). Steppe pastoral civilization: criteria for description, analysis and comparison. Civilizations. 3. Moscow, 151–164 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владимирцов, Б. Я. (1934). Общественный строй монголов. Монгольский кочевой феодализм. Ленинград.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diakonov, I. M. (1990). Archaic myths of the East and West. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гумилев, Л. Н. (1993). Ритмы Евразии. Эпохи и цивилизации. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gumilev, L. N. (1993). Rhythms of Eurasia. Epochs and civilizations. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дьяконов, И. М. (1990). Архаические мифы Востока и Запада. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khazanov, A. M. (2002). Nomads and the outside world. Almaty (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерасов, Б. С. (2002). Цивилизации. Универсалии и самобытность. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitinov, B. U. (2021). Buddhism and Religious leaders of Tibet in the history of four Oirats. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуев, Ю. А. (2002). Ранние тюрки: очерки истории и идеологии. Алматы.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klyashtorny, S. G. (2006). Monuments of ancient Turkic writing and ethnocultural history of Central Asia. Saint-Petersburg (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Китинов, Б. У. (2021). Буддизм и религиозные лидеры Тибета в истории четырех ойратов. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozybayev, M. L. (1999). L. N. Gumilev and the problem of steppe civilization. Ideas and reality of Eurasianism. Almaty, 103–113 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кляшторный, С. Г. (2006). Памятники древнетюркской письменности и этнокультурная история Центральной Азии. Санкт-Петербург.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kradin, N.N. (1995). Nomadism in civilizational and formational development. Civilizations. 3. Moscow, 164–179 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козыбаев, М. Л. (1999). Л. Н. Гумилев и проблема степной цивилизации. Идеи и реальность евразийства. Алматы, 103–113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kradin, N. N. (2020). Nomads and world history. Saint-Petersburg (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крадин, Н.Н. (1995). Кочевничество в цивилизационном и формационном развитии. Цивилизации. 3. Москва, 164–179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kychanov, E. I. (1997). Nomadic states from the Huns to the Manchus. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крадин, Н. Н. (2020). Кочевники и всемирная история. Санкт-Петербург.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martynov, A. I. (1996). About the origin and stages of development of relations between primary civilizations and the steppe Eurasian world. Ancient civilization and the barbaric world. Novocherkassk, 3–5 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кычанов, Е. И. (1997). Кочевые государства от гуннов до маньчжуров. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masanov, N. E. (1995). Nomadic civilization of the Kazakhs: the basics of nomadic society. Almaty-Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартынов, А. И. (1996). О возникновении и этапах развития связей между первичными цивилизациями и степным евразийским миром. Античная цивилизация и варварский мир. Новочеркасск, 3–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orazbayeva, A. I. (2005). The civilization of the nomads of the Eurasian steppes. Almaty (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Масанов, Н. Э. (1995). Кочевая цивилизация казахов: основы жизнедеятельности номадного общества. Алматы-Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toynbee, A. J. (1991). Comprehension of history. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оразбаева, А. И. (2005). Цивилизация кочевников евразийских степей. Алматы.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladimirtsov, B. Ya. (1934). The social system of the Mongols. Mongolian nomadic feudalism. Leningrad (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хазанов, А. М. (2002). Кочевники и внешний мир. Алматы.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstein, S. I. (1991). The world of nomads of Central Asia. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тойнби, А. Дж. (1991). Постижение истории. Москва.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yerasov, B. S. (2002). Civilizations. Universals and identity. Moscow (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagby, P. (1959). Culture and History. Prolegomena to the Comparative Study of Civilizations. Univ. of California Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuev, Yu. A. (2002). Early Turks: Essays on history and ideology. Almaty (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McNeil, W.U. (1970). The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community. Chicago.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McNeil, W.U. (1970). The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community. Chicago.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
