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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nomadic</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Nomadic civilization: historical research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nomadic civilization: historical research</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3377</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Калмыцкий государственный университет им. Б.Б. Городовикова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53315/2782-3377-2022-2-1-18-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nomadic-41</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кочевание и седентаризация номадов Евразийской степи во второй половине XVIII–первой половине XIX вв.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nomadism and sedentarization of Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the second half of XVIII – ﬁrst half of XIX centuries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадмаева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badmaeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Николаевна Бадмаева, доктор исторических наук, доцент</p><p>Элиста</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Badmaeva, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Elista</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">en-badmaeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омакаева</surname><given-names>Э. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omakaeva</surname><given-names>E. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эллара Уляевна Омакаева, кандидат филологических наук, доцент</p><p>Элиста</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ellara U. Omakaeva, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Elista</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elomakaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Калмыцкий государственный университет имени Б. Б. Городовикова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kalmyk State University named after B. B. Gorodovikov<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бадмаева Е.Н., Омакаева Э.У., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бадмаева Е.Н., Омакаева Э.У.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Badmaeva E.N., Omakaeva E.U.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nomadic-kalmsu.ru/jour/article/view/41">https://www.nomadic-kalmsu.ru/jour/article/view/41</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем исследовании рассмотрена история кочевых народов Евразийской степи. Хронологические рамки — вторая половина XVIII–первая половина XIX в. Этот период является менее изученным в современном кочевниковедении, в том числе, в отношении калмыков, казахов и ногайцев. В истории Российского государства и кочевых народов, населяющих его, кочевание и переход на оседлый образ жизни всегда играли существенную роль. В XVIII в. Российское правительство стало активно привлекать кочевников к земледельческому труду. Традиционное скотоводческое хозяйство кочевников было высокопродуктивным. Оно было ориентировано, прежде всего, на личные нужды и содержание рода и семьи. Скот в жизни кочевника всегда играл огромную роль и являлся мерилом состоятельности, основным капиталом и важнейшим источником питания, средством передвижения (гужевым транспортом) и товарообмена, основой для изготовления жилища и одежды. Авторы уделяют внимание проблеме землевладения и землепользования, с которой столкнулись кочевые общества в указанный период, что выразилось на практике в ограничении и уменьшении кочевых земель, и это, безусловно, повлияло, в частности, на экономическое положение кочевых народов Евразийской степи. Кочевое население Российской империи по-прежнему продолжало вести номадный образ жизни и заниматься главным образом кочевым скотоводческим хозяйством. Процесс кочевания, выбор и распределение пастбищных угодий, а также другие основные элементы трудового процесса определялись только экономической и хозяйственной целесообразностью. Вследствие этого кочевой способ производства в Российском государстве сохранил в полной мере все свои основные параметры функционирования и не претерпел сколько-нибудь значительных изменений во второй половине XVIII–начале XIX вв.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study examines the history of the nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe. The chronological framework is the second half of the 18th–the ﬁrst half of the 19th century, which is less studied in modern Nomad studies, including in relation to the Kalmyks, Kazakhs and Nogais. In the history of the Russian state and the nomadic peoples inhabiting it, nomadism and the transition to a settled way of life have always played a signiﬁcant role. In the XVIII century, the Russian government began to actively involve nomads in agricultural work. The traditional pastoral economy of the nomads was highly productive and was oriented, ﬁrst of all, to their personal needs and the maintenance of their clan and family. Livestock has always played a huge role in the life of a nomad and was a measure of wealth and poverty, ﬁxed capital and the most important food product, a method of transportation (horse-drawn transport), a means of exchange and the basis for making a home and clothing. The authors pay attention to the problem of land ownership and land use, which nomadic societies faced during this period, which resulted in practice in limiting and reducing nomadic lands, and this, of course, aﬀected, in particular, the economic situation of the nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe. The nomadic population of the Russian Empire still continued to lead a nomadic way of life and was mainly engaged in nomadic pastoralism. The process of nomadism, the selection and distribution of pasture lands, as well as other basic elements of the labor process were determined only by economic expediency. As a result, the nomadic mode of production within the Russian state retained in full measure all of its basic parameters of functioning and did not undergo any signiﬁcant changes in the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>rочевники</kwd><kwd>оседлость</kwd><kwd>калмыки</kwd><kwd>казахи</kwd><kwd>ногайцы</kwd><kwd>кочевой образ жизни</kwd><kwd>евразийская степь</kwd><kwd>калмыцкая степь</kwd><kwd>коренная трансформация образа жизни и хозяйства скотоводов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nomads</kwd><kwd>settlement</kwd><kwd>ralmyks</kwd><kwd>razakhs</kwd><kwd>bogais</kwd><kwd>nomadic lifestyle</kwd><kwd>eurasian steppe</kwd><kwd>kalmyk steppe</kwd><kwd>radical transformation of the lifestyle and economy of cattle breeders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аджиниязова, А. К. 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