nomadicNomadic civilization: historical researchNomadic civilization: historical research2782-3377Калмыцкий государственный университет им. Б.Б. Городовикова10.53315/2782-3377-2022-2-2-35-49nomadic-52Research ArticleАРХЕОЛОГИЯARCHEOLOGYАрфы на древнем шелковом путиHarps on the ancient silk roadЛовергренБ.LawergrenB.

Бо Ловергрен, доктор наук, профессор

Bo Lawergren, Ph.D in nuclear physics, Professor

bolawer@icloud.comФакультет физики и астрономии, Хантерcкий колледж Городского университета Нью-ЙоркаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY)United States202201072022223549Copyright © Ловергрен Б., 20222022Ловергрен Б.Lawergren B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nomadic-kalmsu.ru/jour/article/view/52

Большой объем сведений о китайской музыке можно получить из относящихся к 1 тысячелетию рисунков-изображений, находящихся вдоль всего Великого Шелкового пути, включая Дуньхуан, особенно с учетом китайских текстов. Задолго до прихода буддизма в Китай музыка играла важную роль в конфуцианских и даосских ритуалах. С приходом буддизма его последователи нуждались в музыке не меньше, но им были нужны инструменты, совершенно отличные от инструментов, использовавшихся в первом тысячелетии до н.э. — бронзовые колокола, литофоны и большие барабаны. Музыкальные инструменты, которыми пользовались буддисты, были легкими (лютни, арфы, флейты, язычковые инструменты и маленькие барабаны). Большинство из них сохранились в Китае, но арфы (кунхоу) исчезли вскоре после 1000 г. н.э., когда буддизм пришел в упадок. Одно из последних изображений арфы найдено в пещере 465 в гротах Могао (тринадцатый век). В этой статье делается попытка собрать все, что известно об этих древних инструментах, важную информацию для хранителей музеев, искусствоведов, мастеров по изготовлению музыкальных инструментов и музыкантов, желающих возродить древние практики. Арфы в Китае исчезли, но на их реконструированных копиях сейчас играют в нескольких местах, например, в Дуньхуанской академии, Шанхайской консерватории, Чонджу (Южная Корея) и Токио.

One can derive a great deal of information on Chinese music from images painted during the first millennium along the Silk Road, including Dunhuang, especially if combined with Chinese texts. Long before the arrival of Buddhism in China, music held an important place in Confucian and Daoist ritual. With the arrival of Buddhism, its followers demanded no less, but they required instruments quite different from the ritual instruments used during the first millennium b.c.e. — bronze bells, stone chimes, and large drums. The instruments brought by Buddhists were light (lutes, harps, flutes, reed instruments, and small drums). Most survived in China, but harps (konghou) disappeared shortly after 1000 c.e. as Buddhism declined. One of the last depictions of harps is found in cave 465 at the Mogao Grottoes (thirteenth century). This paper attempts to compile what is known about these ancient instruments, information vital to conservators, art historians, instrument makers, and musicians who wish to revive earlier practice. Harps died out in China, but replicas are now played in several places, for example, the Dunhuang Academy, the Shanghai Conservatory, Jeonju (Korea), and Tokyo.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.