Kalmyk poetry in the first half of the XX century: general characterization

Abstract

This article is dedicated to studying the general characteristics of Kalmyk poetry in the first half of the 20th century, including its genre and thematic diversity, which reflect the spirit of the time and social consciousness. The research shows that Kalmyk poetry reflects cultural and social transformations, emphasizing its importance for understanding the literary process as a whole. The object of the study is Kalmyk lyric poetry from the first half of the last century, which represents an important aspect of cultural and literary heritage. The focus is on works that reflect changes in the genre system, as well as the influence of historical and social conditions on the creativity of poets during that time. The research material consists of a significant corpus of poetic works published in Kalmyk and Russian languages. The applied systematic approach includes cultural-historical, structural-functional, and comparative methods. As a result of the work, it was revealed that the 1920s were a turning point in the history of Kalmyk poetry. During this period, the exploration of new forms began with the song genre, reflecting profound social and cultural changes. The authors of these works were common people, participants in the Civil War, who created poetry in the context of revolutionary struggle, which gave their creativity unique relevance and importance. The ideology of the new regime required literature to express loyalty to the Soviet system and reflect socialist values, which had a noticeable impact on the content of the works. The author provides a detailed examination of several examples of Kalmyk lyric poetry from the period in question. The emergence of new genres enriched Kalmyk literature, providing authors with the opportunity to experiment with form and content, facilitating a more dynamic approach to expressing thoughts and feelings, as well as expanding the genre system of poetry. These processes also contributed to the preservation of cultural heritage and the development of Kalmyk literature, shaping a unique artistic world.