State policy in the field of circulation of precious metals and stones in the first years of soviet power as a critical factor in the development of the national economy in the 1920s. (based on the example of the South of Russia)
https://doi.org/10.53315/2782-3377-2023-3-4-71-84
Abstract
The modernization processes in economic policy that took place in the early years in Soviet Russia significantly influenced the gold mining situation, including in the field of circulation of precious metals and precious stones, which was in a depressed state. In the presented scientific publication, the authors examine the state policy of the state in relation to precious metals and precious stones as the most important factor in solving economic problems in the early 1920s. Based on generally accepted international requirements and standards for gold currencies, their integral role in the global monetary system is assessed. This is, first of all, monetary circulation; financial interaction with foreign countries and settlements with them; loan guarantees and repayment of external debt, as well as the formation of a mobilization foreign exchange reserve. Using the example of the territories of the South of Russia, including the nomadic Kalmyk people, it is shown in detail that the Soviet state, as a result of extreme measures — voluntaryforced confiscation of precious metals and stones, managed to contribute to the fight against the famine disaster and at the same time replenish the state treasury. It has been proven that by 1923 the external foreign currency debt and budget deficit had decreased; the country’s gold reserves began to increase; a single center for the management and circulation of precious metals and precious stones was created
About the Authors
E. N. Badmaeva
Precious Metals and Precious Stones Industry
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina N. Badmaeva, Doctor of history, associate professor, Leading Researcher
Moscow
K. B. Monakhova
Metals and Precious Stones Industry
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Khristina B. Monakhova, Leading Researcher of the center
Moscow
References
1. Kremlin Archives: In 2 books. (1997). Book 1. Politburo and the church. 1922–1925 Prepare N. N. Pokrovsky, S. G. Petrov. Novosibirsk: St. Petersburg. chronograph; Moscow: ROSSPEN. (in Russian).
2. State Archives of the Volgograd Region (hereinafter referred to as GAVO). (in Russian).
3. State Archive of Modern Documentation of the Astrakhan Region (hereinafter referred to as GASDAO). (in Russian).
4. State Archive of the Astrakhan Region (hereinafter GAAO). (in Russian).
5. State Bank of the Russian Empire. Report for 1913. (1913). St. Petersburg: State Bank of Russia. 54.119. (in Russian).
6. Danilov, A. A. Pyzhikov, A. V. (2021). The birth of a superpower: the USSR in the first post-war years. Moscow: Conceptual. (in Russian).
7. Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 27, 1921 (1950) “On the values located in churches and monasteries.” Collection of laws and resolutions of the workers’ and peasants’ government. 1922 Art. 215. Moscow. 19.381. (in Russian).
8. Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of November 19, 1920 (1944). “On the confiscation of all movable property of citizens who have fled outside the Republic or are hiding to this day” // Published in No. 49 of the News of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets dated March 5, 1921.
9. Collection of laws and orders of the workers’ and peasants’ government. 1920. November 19. No. 87. Art. 442. Moscow: Politizdat. (in Russian).
10. Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of June 23, 1921 (1944) “On the distribution of gold and platinum.” Collection of laws and orders of the workers’ and peasants’ government for 1921 328. Art. 156. Moscow. (in Russian).
11. Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars. 1920, April (1974) “On requisitions and confiscations.” Complete works of V. I. Lenin. 40. 5th ed. Moscow: Politizdat. 358. (in Russian).
12. Addition to the report of the Bureau of the Central Commission for the Confiscation of Church Valuables in the Central Committee of the RCP (b) on the progress of the confiscation work. May 16, 1922 (1997). Kremlin archives: in 2 books. Book 1. Politburo and the church. 1922–1925 Prepare N. N. Pokrovsky, S. G. Petrov. Novosibirsk: St. Petersburg: Chronograph; Moscow: ROSSPEN. (in Russian).
13. Ivanova, L. N., Umgaeva, O. V. (2022). Trends in the development of GIIS in the sphere of precious metals turnover. metals and stones, as well as products made from them. Financial magazine. 14. 4. 122–133. (in Russian).
14. Ivanova, L. N., Badmaeva, E. N. (2023). A cross-border approach to economic cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan in the field of circulation of precious metals and stones. Financial magazine. 15. 6. 110–122. (in Russian).
15. Ivanova, L. N., Umgaeva O. V. (2022). Efficiency of accounting for precious metals and stones in the system of state regulation of resources. Economic development of Russia. 29. 2. 52–57. (in Russian).
16. News of Kalmykia. (1994). April 6. 3. (in Russian).
17. Kamanina, A. L. (2015). Russia’s position in the world gold market. Bulletin of Penza State University. 3 (11). 63–70. (in Russian).
18. Murtazalieva, L. F. (1995). Activities of the Precious Metals Department of the Ural Regional Council for the removal and remelting of products made from precious metals in the spring of 1918. From the history of Ural gold: To the 250th anniversary of the discovery of gold in the Urals and the founding of the city of Berezovsky. Ekaterinburg: Bank of cultural information. 102–104. (in Russian).
19. National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia (hereinafter referred to as NA RK). (in Russian).
20. Message of His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon on helping the hungry and confiscating church valuables, February 15 (28), 1922 (1996). Russian Orthodox Church and the communist state. 1917–1941. Doc. and photographic materials [resp. comp.: O. Yu. Vasilyeva]. Moscow: Biblical and Theological Institute of St. Apostle Andrew. (in Russian).
21. Resolution of the Supreme Council of the National Economy. (1942) “On the approval of the section of noble metals of the Supreme Economic Council and on the establishment of a monopoly on gold and platinum.” Collection of laws and government orders for 1917-1918. Administration of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. Moscow. 255–258. (in Russian).
22. Resolution of the Supreme Council of the National Economy. (1942). “On the Main Gold Committee and on the procedure for applying the Supreme Economic Council resolution on gold and platinum.” Collection of laws and government orders for 1917-1918. Administration of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. Moscow. 391–393. (in Russian).
23. Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR. (1980). On the confiscation and requisition of private property in areas liberated from the enemy. Decrees of the Soviet government. T. X. August–September 1920 Moscow: Politizdat. (in Russian).
24. Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR. (1978). On the seizure of precious metals, money and various valuables. 1920, July. Decrees of the Soviet government. T. IX. Moscow: Politizdat. 213–214. (in Russian).
25. Project for the removal from churches of Chairman Vsetatchek Denisov. January 24, 1922 (1996). Russian Orthodox Church and the communist state. 1917–1941. Documents and photographic materials. Moscow. 71–72. (in Russian).
26. Russian State Archive of Economics (hereinafter RGAE). (in Russian).
27. Sapogovskaya, L. V. (2004). Gold mining of the Republic of Soviets — USSR — RF: evolution of the industry in alternative management systems. Economic history: Yearbook. 2003. Moscow. 266–308. (in Russian).
28. Sapogovskaya, L. V. (1998). Private gold mining in Russia at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries: the Urals and Siberia—development models. Ekaterinburg. (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Badmaeva E.N., Monakhova K.B. State policy in the field of circulation of precious metals and stones in the first years of soviet power as a critical factor in the development of the national economy in the 1920s. (based on the example of the South of Russia). Nomadic civilization: historical research. 2023;3(4):71-84. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.53315/2782-3377-2023-3-4-71-84
Views:
124
Email this article 