This study, based on archival data, examines the situation with water supply in the territory of the nomadic peoples of the Stavropol province in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. During the period under study, water supply was mainly associated with the construction of wells, including artesian wells. The article describes in detail the possibilities and conditions for the creation of such wells, as well as the specific circumstances and difficulties that the steppe dwellers encountered during their construction. A study of water supply in the nomadic steppes of the Stavropol province shows that the creation of artesian wells was a difficult, complex and expensive process. To successfully complete such complex tasks, not only knowledge and experience were required, but also a certain determination on the part of the authorities and society. Public judgments of nomadic societies emphasized the importance and urgency of solving the water supply in foreign territories. The local administration helped in every way in finding specialized firms and specialists who could, if possible, accurately find water veins in the steppes, quickly and efficiently drill artesian wells. Thanks to the work carried out, not only did the water supply of the population improve, but problems with watering for livestock were also solved. The presence of man-made water resources in the form of artesian wells and natural reservoirs also contributed to the development of gardens and forests. The use of artesian wells contributed to the implementation of measures aimed at preventing desertification in the steppe regions where tribes roamed. In addition, high-quality water supply stimulated the transition of nomads to a sedentary lifestyle. In general, the development of water resources of the steppes of the Stavropol province, of course, was of great importance for the region as a whole and the steppe arid regions in particular in terms of socio-economic development, in economic and everyday life.

The publication, based on the materials of the Stavropol Turkmens, shows the vicissitudes that the nomadic and sedentary Turkmens of the Stavropol province underwent in the late 19th and early decades of the 20th century, due to the entire course of the political, economic, social and national life of the Russian state at the beginning of the 20th century.

The main source base was the materials extracted from the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI) and the State Archive of the Stavropol Territory (GASK). The analysis of sources and materials made it possible to look at the turning of the epochs not only through the changes traditionally established in the national historiography, but also through the prism of regional history — a small ethnic group of Stavropol Turkmens, who tried to defend their administrative, land, legal and other rights in difficult political and socio-economic conditions.

The analysis of the presented materials allowed to show the peculiarities of social and economic transformations of the Stavropol Turkmens in the late XIX — first decades of the XX centuries, attempts to solve the land-legal issue in the conditions of comprehensive changes in the state administration of the country, as well as the peculiarities of the national issue in the conditions of socialist construction in the steppe.

National jewelry is an important element of the cultural heritage of any country, which reflects the history and traditions of the people, its uniqueness, embodying craftsmanship and the inextricable link between generations. They serve not only as decorations in a person’s daily life, but also as a symbol of national identity. The article examines the historical path of jewelry art in Kazakhstan, starting from ancient times and ending with its modern trends. It describes the development of metalworking technologies, the use of various materials by nomadic peoples, including metal, bones, stones and wood, to create unique products and the influence of culture on their design. Preservation of cultural sovereignty is an important task for ensuring national identity and sustainable development of any country, therefore, special attention is paid to the importance of jewelry as an element of national heritage and their role in strengthening the identity of the Kazakh people. In parallel, modern trends and prospects for the development of national jewelry art in the context of globalization are analyzed. This study is based on the analysis of historical sources, archaeological finds, including their modern interpretation, as well as interviews with modern masters in the jewelry industry, which allows us to give a comprehensive assessment of the cultural and artistic value of Kazakh jewelry traditions.

This article is devoted to the study of the folklore heritage of Bovush Purveevna Ambekova. Much of this legacy was published in 2006 in the book “Ceczn bulg” (“The Spring of Wisdom”). However, some of the materials still remain unpublished (tape recordings from the 1970s and 1980s and self-recordings of the storyteller). The author of the article used a descriptive research method. She reviewed the manuscripts in 2014, and also previously transcribed her audio recordings of songs. Unfortunately, Bogush Ambekova’s legacy has not yet been scientifically investigated. In this connection, this topic was taken by the author of this article. At the end of the article, the author came to the conclusion that Bogush Ambekova left an invaluable folklore legacy. No matter how many years have passed, her legacy will be preserved and will be heard by the people.

Тод үсэгт байдаг авиазүй болон үсэгзүйн талаараа өвөрмөц онцлогтой нэгэн үсэг бол хамжих ḱa үсэг юм. Өмнө нь эрдэмтэд судалгаандаа хэрхэн авч тусгасныг үүнд нэгтгэн дүгнэлээ. ḱа үсгийн онцлогийг тодруулахын тулд сонгодог монгол бичгийн өмнөх үеийн бичгийн дурсгалууд, тод үсгийн дурсгалуудыг гол баримт болгон ашиглав. Энэхүү үсгийн уг язгуур нь юу болох, тод үсгийн хөгжлийн явцад энэ үсгээр зарим нутагт өөр авиалбарыг орлуулан тэмдэглэсэн, галиг үсгийг болон гадаад үгийг тэмдэглэх болсон шалтгаан зэргийг уйгаржин монгол бичгийн уламжлал болон тод бичгийн онцлог, үсэгзүйн үүднээс тодруулан тайлбарлаж, өөрийн саналаа дэвшүүлэв.

In the development and enrichment of the vocabulary of Mongolian languages an important place is given to borrowings, a large layer of which is Buddhist vocabulary. This article is devoted to the etymology, structure and semantics of borrowed foreign-language Buddhist terms, taking into account their textual functioning. Buddhist terms entered the Mongolian languages through Uyghur from Sogdian, Sanskrit, and then directly from the Tibetan language thanks to the translations of Buddhist works into the old written Mongolian and Oirat languages. An invaluable contribution to the dissemination of the Buddhist canon among the Mongolian-speaking peoples was made by translators, experts in Sanskrit, Tibetan, Old Mongolian writing and Oirat “clear writing” (“todo bichig”). The origins of the Oirat translation tradition were laid by the creator of the Old Kalmyk script, the outstanding educator Zaya-pandita Namkhai Jamtso. The task of studying, understanding and systematizing key Buddhist terms is currently extremely relevant. In the article, using the example of the Oirat translation (in the Kalmyk language) of the Tibetan version of the Sanskrit text “Praise to the 21 Tara” and the Oirat version of the Tibetan original work “Subhashita” (“Precious Treasury of Elegant Sayings”), some Kalmyk Buddhist terms are considered with the use of Mongolian, Sanskrit and Tibetan equivalents. The author of the second written monument is the famous Tibetan scholar of the 13th century Sakya-pandita Kunga-Jaltsan (1182-1251). The texts under consideration belong to different genres of literature.